Once upon a time, not so very long ago, the only route to getting a book into the hands of readers was through major publishing houses, book stores and libraries. Online booksellers, self-publishing and eReaders have turned that approach on its ear. With so many changes in the publishing industry, often discussed in previous Book●ed blogs, authors might be wondering what the role of an agent is today.

I sat down recently with agent Tina P. Schwartz, author and founder of The Purcell Agency, to talk about the role of agents in today’s literary marketplace. Prior to becoming a literary agent, specializing in Young Adult literature, Tina worked in advertising for many years. She negotiated and sold broadcast time, a skill that she found could transfer to publishing. Tina is a published author who sold 10 books of her own and who helped another eight friends get published before formally establishing her own agency in July 2012. Here are excerpts from our conversation:

EED: What do literary agents do and why do authors need them?
TPS: Some of the things agents do for authors are research appropriate editors and publishers for the manuscripts, build relationships with editors and publishers, polish or rewrite queries and proposals, and help edit manuscripts with the authors before they are ready to be submitted. Agents negotiate contracts to be in the best interest of author (often a better advance and royalty agreement than an author might get on his or her own). Agents are often like coaches to authors, looking out for the author’s best interest.

EED: How do you and authors find each other?
TPS: I am listed on PublishersMarketplace.com, I have a company website, I’m a member of the Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators (SCBWI), and I and speak at various conferences and writing groups, which is how I find most of the talent that I represent.

EED: How has publishing changed since you started as a literary agent?
TPS: Self-publishing has become much more accepted, whereas in the past it was looked down upon Now, even some of the most successful authors have chosen to self-publish. Another thing is that many more publishing houses are closed to authors without agents.

EED: What is the biggest mistake made by new authors when trying to get their book published?
TPS: They don’t spend enough time on their query letters. The query letter deserves the proper time, given that it may be the only impression that an agent or editor gets of an author. Also, they may not research appropriate houses or agents to submit to.

EED: What are your three best tips for aspiring authors before they get published?
TPS: 1. READ! Read as much as you can in the genre you write. See what’s been published, what is popular, how the books that have been published so far are written. Notice pacing, characterization, story arc, etc. for fiction, and notice the Table of Contents and Index for non-fiction.
2. Spend enough time on your query letter and researching appropriate publishing houses or agents (go to conferences when you are able to and meet some of these people in person!).
3. Join a critique group!!! You need feedback on your manuscript more than just friends and family can supply. You need other authors’ opinions on what works and what doesn’t.

EED: What are your three best tips for aspiring authors after they get published?
TPS: 1. Celebrate! Not everyone can say they are in the Library of Congress, and as a published author, you are one of those people. It may have been a very long journey to publication, so take a moment to congratulate yourself.
2. If possible, create a “platform” for your book. Whether it’s fiction or non-fiction, what is the topic of your writing? Find the core of your story and promote it as your expertise. Why did you write the story you wrote, what were your experiences that you drew from when researching or writing the book?
3. Do as much as possible to get publicity for your book. Arrange signings whenever possible, promote your book to any and every group that may be appropriate, from your children’s schools, to local newspapers or cable channels, to all the public libraries within a 10-mile radius. Arrange to do author visits to promote your book’s “platform”.

For authors who want to go the traditional publishing route, a literary agent is more important than ever because many houses today want “Agented Authors Only”. For authors who choose the Self-Publishing route, an agent can offer valuable experience to maximize success. Don’t simply select an agent because of a pretty face or a pretty website. Find out who the agents were for books and authors you admire. Talk to your colleagues in the field for referrals. If your book is your brainchild, make sure that “child” has quality people helping to foster it.